Motivation Motivational Factors Incentives Theories Of Motivation

What is Motivation? Meaning

Motivation is adjacent to directing / leading. Managers tin displace motivate their subordinates spell guiding them. Motivating agency encouraging people to accept to a greater extent than initiatory together with involvement inwards the piece of work assigned. It is an fine art of getting things done willingly from others.

Motivation avoids clashes together with non-cooperation together with brings harmony, unity together with co-operative outlook amid employees. Managers receive got to piece of work equally motivators of their subordinates. For this, effective communication, proper appreciation of piece of work done together with positive encouragement are necessary together with useful. Motivation is inspiring together with encouraging people to piece of work to a greater extent than together with contribute for achieving the objectives of the companionship The creation of the wishing together with willingness to perform the labor efficiently is known equally motivation.

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Motivation is a psychological together with sociological concept equally it relates to human conduct together with human relations. It is the most substitution together with all pervasive concept of psychology. For motivation, sugariness words are useful but are for certain non adequate. Motivation basically relates to human needs, desires together with expectations. In other words, these factors propose the measures which tin displace live on used for the motivation of employees.

In motivation, efforts should live on made to satisfy the unlike needs of employees together with then that they volition live on satisfied, happy together with away from tensions. This creates favorable surround because of which employees accept to a greater extent than involvement together with initiatory inwards the piece of work together with perform their jobs efficiently. Motivation is a technique of creating attraction for the job. It is encouraging employees for amend performance inwards guild to arrive at the goals of an Organization. The procedure of motivation is a continuous 1 (circular one) together with is beneficial to both - employer together with employees. It is a key to improve piece of work performance of employees.

The term 'motive' is derived from the Latin discussion 'emovere' which agency to displace or to activate. Motivation is the deed of making someone to deed inwards the desired way through positive encouragement. It is through motivation that employees tin displace live on induced to piece of work more, to earn to a greater extent than together with to range amend results to the Organization.

Definition of Motivation

1. According to W. G. Scot, "Motivation agency a procedure of stimulating people to activeness to accomplish the desired goals."
2. According to Michael J. Jucius, "Motivation is the deed of stimulating someone or oneself to teach a desired class of action, to force the correct push clit to teach a desired results."

Features of Motivation

1. Psychological Process : Motivation is a psychological procedure useful for encouraging employees to accept to a greater extent than involvement inwards the piece of work assigned. It relates to human relations.
2. Initiative yesteryear Manager : The initiatory for motivation is yesteryear the director yesteryear offering guidance together with too yesteryear other methods similar appreciation of proficient piece of work or offering incentives. Management has to adopt special measures for motivating employees. They include monetary equally good equally non-monetary.
3. Continuous activity : It is a continuous together with circular process. Subordinates demand motivation inwards a continuous way equally their needs together with expectations alter from fourth dimension to time. H5N1 director has to written report the needs of workers together with utilisation the technique of motivation accordingly. The procedure of motivation must live on made a regular together with continuous one.
4. Goal-oriented together with action-oriented : Motivation diverts human conduct towards sure goals. Attainment of organizational together with private goals depends on the motivational plans.
5. Broad concept : Motivation covers needs, human relations together with satisfaction of employees. For employee motivation, monetary together with other incentives demand to live on offered. Job satisfaction is 1 such demand together with is useful for their motivation.
6. Essence of administration process : Motivation is an essential component subdivision of a manager. He has to motivate his subordinates for achieving organizational objectives. Motivated labour forcefulness is an property of a describe of piece of work concern unit. Motivated employees convey prosperity to a describe of piece of work concern unit.
7. Beneficial to employees together with management : Motivation offers benefits to employees together with Organisation. It avoids crashes together with encourages cooperative outlook amid employees. Motivation leads to cordial labour-management relations. It provides to a greater extent than turn a profit to administration together with amend welfare to employees.
8. Varied measures available for motivation : For motivation, diverse monetary together with non monetary incentives tin displace live on offered to employees yesteryear the management. Attractive wages, welfare facilities, labor satisfaction, appreciation of proficient work, encouragement to self-development, labor safety together with fair handling are to a greater extent than or less measures of motivating employees.
9. Motivation is unlike from satisfaction : Motivation implies a drive towards a final result spell satisfaction involves final result already experienced together with achieved. 'When wishing is satisfied, employee is motivated'.
10. Related to a somebody inwards totality : An employee is motivated inwards totality together with non inwards part. Employee's basic needs are interrelated. Management must fulfill all the needs through monetary together with non-monetary incentives.

Importance of Motivation

Motivation occupies an of import identify together with seat inwards the whole administration process. This technique tin displace live on used fruitfully for encouraging workers to brand positive contribution for achieving organizational objectives. Motivation is necessary equally human nature needs to a greater extent than or less variety of inducement, encouragement or incentive inwards guild to teach amend performance. Motivation of employee’s offers may benefits to the Organisation together with too to the employees. This suggests the importance of motivating employees. Motivation acts equally a technique for improving the performance of employees working at unlike levels.

Motivation of employees is 1 component subdivision which every director has to perform along amongst other managerial functions. H5N1 director has to component subdivision equally a friend together with motivator of his subordinates. Motivation is useful inwards all aspects of life together with fifty-fifty our identify unit of measurement life. The same is the illustration amongst business. This dearly suggests that motivation is extremely important. It is an integral component subdivision of administration procedure itself.

Advantages of Motivation

(A) Advantages of Motivation to Management / Organization

1. Increase inwards the efficiency together with productivity of employees. Motivation ensures a high score performance of employees.
2. Better co-operation from employees together with cordial labour-management relations.
3. Reduction inwards the charge per unit of measurement of labour absenteeism together with turnover.
4. Reduction inwards the wastages together with industrial accidents.
5. Improvement inwards the morale of employees.
6. Quick achievement of business/corporate objectives together with favorable corporate image.

(B) Advantages of Motivation to Employees / Workers

1. Employees teach diverse monetary together with non-monetary facilities/benefits which render amend life together with welfare to them.
2. Security of work together with other benefits due to cordial relations amongst the management.
3. Job attraction together with labor satisfaction.
4. Higher status together with opportunities of participation inwards management.
5. Positive approach together with outlook of employees towards company, administration together with superiors.
6. Reduction inwards the charge per unit of measurement of labour turnover which is harmful to employees together with management.
7. Better orbit for improvement inwards knowledge together with skills of employees.

Motivational Factors / Incentives

(A) Monetary or Financial Incentives

Monetary incentives are offered inwards price of money. Such incentives render to a greater extent than cash or purchasing mightiness to employees. Monetary incentives are extremely attractive to employees (particularly those working at lower levels) equally they teach the create goodness rapidly together with inwards concrete terms. At the higher levels of management, non-monetary incentives are to a greater extent than of import than monetary incentives. Workers prefer monetary incentives equally compared to non-monetary incentives. Managements too offering liberal monetary incentives to all categories of workers.

Monetary incentives may live on farther classified equally next :-

1. Individual Monetary Incentives : The create goodness of private monetary incentive is available to concerned worker only. For example, F. W. Taylor suggested differential slice charge per unit of measurement scheme which offers unlike wage rates to unlike workers equally per their production efficiency. Different incentive wage plans are the examples of private monetary incentives equally the create goodness is offered individually to every worker. Here, a worker is paid equally per his efficiency, productivity or equally per the production given yesteryear him. Efficient/sincere workers range to a greater extent than production together with teach higher vantage inwards price of wage payment.
2. Group Monetary Incentives : In the grouping monetary incentives, the monetary create goodness is non given individually but to a grouping of workers or to all workers inwards the Organisation. Workers receive got to piece of work jointly/collectively equally a squad inwards guild to secure the benefits of grouping monetary incentives. Bonus payment, pension, P.F, production/productivity bonus, turn a profit sharing, etc. are the examples of grouping monetary incentives. For the employer/management, grouping incentives are to a greater extent than of import equally they offering many benefits to the management.

(B) Non-monetary Incentives for Employee Motivation

1. Job safety together with labor enrichment : Job safety is useful for the motivation of employees. Such safety keeps the employee away from the tension of becoming unemployed. Job enrichment provides an chance for greater recognition together with advancement. Job enrichment refers to redesign of jobs.
2. Fair handling to employees : Employer should range attending to the needs, difficulties together with grievances of employees. Small piece of work groups together with effective communication are useful for solving the problems of workers. Employees must live on given decent treatment. They volition live on co-operative entirely when they are treated amongst sympathy together with love, affection together with dignity. Employees should too live on given assist inwards personal matters.
3. Recognition of proficient work : Recognition of proficient piece of work at an appropriate fourth dimension gives encouragement to employees to exhibit amend performance inwards future. As an appreciation of proficient work, prizes, rewards, promotions, etc. should live on given.
4. Encouragement to self-development together with career development: Employees should live on given varied preparation facilities. Training facilitates self-development together with too provides opportunities for career development. Every employee has a wishing to grow, develop together with rising higher. This wishing should live on exploited fully for motivating employees. For this, preparation equally good equally administration evolution programmes should live on introduced.
5. Delegation of authority : Due to delegation of authority, a subordinate employee feels that superior has organized faith inwards him together with too inwards his mightiness to utilisation authorisation inwards a proper manner. Employees teach mental satisfaction when authorisation is given to them. They accept involvement together with initiatory inwards the piece of work together with essay to essay that they are competent to piece of work at the higher levels. Thus, delegation of authorisation becomes a motivating factor.
6. Congenial working conditions : It is a non fiscal incentive for motivation. Employees should live on given diverse facilities together with conveniences at the piece of work place. The piece of work surround should live on pleasant together with safe. This creates wishing to piece of work efficiently.
7. Helpful mental attitude of management : The helpful mental attitude of administration towards its employees creates a sense of affinity for the Organisation. Fair handling to workers creates amend agreement amid workers. Cordial industrial relations too motivate employees. Thus, enlightened together with pro-employee mental attitude of administration acts equally a motivating factor.
8. Fair chance of promotion : Fair chance of advertisement to all eligible workers is 1 to a greater extent than method useful for motivating employees. They accept involvement inwards the piece of work equally they feet that they volition live on rewarded inwards the shape of promotions. Training facility should live on provided to employees inwards guild to brand them eligible for promotion.
9. Labour participation inwards management : Labour participation inwards administration is useful for the motivation of employees. Workers teach higher status together with amend orbit for expressing their views through such participation. Even the formation of character circles or articulation administration councils is useful for motivating employees.
10. Designation together with status : When an employee is provided amongst a amend designation, it adds to his status. Employees are proud to let on their attractive together with high-sounding designations.

Theories of Motivation

Main theories of motivation are :-

1. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory.
2. Hertzberg’s Two Factor Theory.
3. Douglas McGregor's Theory X Theory Y.
4. McClelland's Achievement Motivation Theory.

Hawthorne Studies inwards Motivation

The most famous of all human relations motion together with interrogation were Hawthorne Experiments. So named because they were carried on inwards Hawthorne found of western Electric Company of Chicago inwards USA.

Dr. Elton Mayo led a squad from Harward University which cooperated amongst western electrical co. inwards the catamenia 1927-1936 to comport out Hawthorne Experiments. They identified next details.

1. Recognized the importance of employee attitudes such equally agreement voluntary co-operations together with willing dedication inwards accomplishment of organizational goals.
2. Found that employee performance is really much influenced yesteryear his mental attitude towards his job, associates together with management.
3. Proved that organizational theatre tin displace gain entirely when its employees are satisfied contented inwards their jobs.
4. Pointed out that whatever alter to live on should live on made should live on explained together with its pregnant should live on clear to employees. The fact that alter is logical is non plenty because employees may non appreciate the logic.
5. Explored much of data on grouping behavior.
6. Thus receive got provided the footing for much of what nosotros know close getting along amongst all, job employees inwards particular.