Quality Command Full Character Management Tqm Character Circles

1. Introduction to Quality

Every manufacturing organisation is concerned with the character of its product. While it is of import that quantity requirements hold out satisfied in addition to production schedules met, it is as of import that the finished production run across established specifications. Because, customer's satisfaction is derived from character products in addition to services. Stiff contest at national in addition to international bird in addition to consumer's awareness require production of character goods in addition to services for survival in addition to growth of the company. Quality in addition to productivity are to a greater extent than probable to select prosperity into the dry ground in addition to improve character of piece of work life.

However, the administration looks to laissez passer on client satisfaction yesteryear running its line organisation at the desired economical level. Both these tin give the axe hold out attained yesteryear properly integrating character development, character maintenance in addition to character improvement of buy the farm product. The integration of these 3 aspects of a production tin give the axe hold out achieved through a audio character command system.

2. The Meaning of Quality

Quality is a relative term in addition to it is to a greater extent than often than non used with reference to buy the farm cease utilization of the product. For example, a gear used inward sugarcane juice extracting machine may non possess goodness surface finish, tolerance in addition to accuracy as compared with the gear used inward the caput stock of a lathe, soundless it may hold out considered of goodness character if it works satisfactorily inward buy the farm juice extracting machine. The character is hence defined as buy the farm fitness for use/purpose at buy the farm most economical level.

The character depends on buy the farm perception of a mortal inward a given situation. The province of affairs tin give the axe hold out user-oriented, cost-oriented or supplier-oriented. Since, buy the farm item is manufactured for me utilization of buy the farm customer, buy the farm requirements of buy the farm client dictates buy the farm character of buy the farm product. Quality is to hold out planned, achieved, controlled in addition to improved continuously.

The give-and-take "Quality" has diverseness of meanings :-

1. Fitness for purpose : The constituent is said to possess goodness quality, if it works good inward the equipment for which it is meant. Quality is tiius defined as fitness for purpose.
2. Conformance to requirements : Quality is buy the farm powerfulness of the material/component to perform satisfactorily inward an application for which it is intended yesteryear buy the farm user. Quality of a product, thus, agency conformance to requirements. Customer needs have got to hold out assessed in addition to translated into specifications depending upon buy the farm characteristics required for specific application. Just as every human has his ain characteristics every application has its ain characteristics.
3. Grade : Quality is a distinguishing characteristic or grade of the production inward appearance, performance, life, reliability, taste, odor, maintainability etc. This is to a greater extent than often than non called as character characteristics.
4. Degree of preference : Quality is the grade to which a specified production is preferred over competing products of equivalent grade, based on comparative examine yesteryear customers, usually called as customer's preference.
5. Degree of excellence : Quality is a mensurate of grade of full general excellence of the product.
6. Measure of fulfillment of promises : The character of a production is a mensurate of fulfillment of the promises made to the customers.
   
   1. Suitability : For specific application.
   2. Reliability : It should give efficient in addition to consistent performance.
   3. Durability : It should have got desired life.
   4. Safety : Safe in addition to foolproof workability.
   5. Affordability : It should hold out economical.
   6. Maintainability : It should hold out slow to maintain.
   7. Aesthetic expression : It should expression attractive.
   8. Satisfaction to customers : It should satisfy the customers' requirements.
   9. Economical : It should have got reasonable price.
   10. Versatility : It should serve lay out of purposes.
   
   A production tin give the axe hold out said to possess goodness character if all the inward a higher house requirements are properly balanced spell designing in addition to manufacturing it.

3. Quality Control

Control tin give the axe hold out defined as "a physical care for yesteryear agency of which nosotros discovery the actual performance in addition to compare it with but about standard".

If in that location is a divergence betwixt the observed performance in addition to the measure performance in addition to then it is necessary to select corrective action.

The term "Quality Control" has diverseness of meanings :

1. Quality command is the physical care for through which nosotros mensurate the actual character performance, compare it with the standards in addition to select corrective activity if in that location is a deviation.
2. It is a systematic command of diverse factors that touching on the character of the product. It depends on : Material, Tools, Machines, type of labour, working conditions, measure instruments, etc.
3. Quality command tin give the axe hold out defined as the entire collection of activities which ensures that the functioning volition create the optimum character products at minimum cost.
4. It tin give the axe also hold out defined as the tools, devices or skills through which character activities are carried out.
5. It is the cite of the subdivision which devotes itself total fourth dimension to character functions.
6. The physical care for for coming together the character goals is termed as character control.
7. It is a system, computer programme or method of approach to the solution of character problems.
8. As per A.Y. Feigorbaum
   
   Total Quality command is "An effective scheme for integrating the character development, character maintenance in addition to character improvement efforts of the diverse groups inward anorganization, so as to enable production in addition to services at the most economical levels which allow total client satisfaction."

4. Steps In Quality Control Programme

1. Formulate character policy.
2. Work out details of production requirements, laid the standards (specifications) on the ground of customers preference, cost in addition to profit.
3. Select inspection computer programme in addition to gear upwards physical care for for checking.
4. Detect deviations from laid standards or specifications.
5. Take corrective activity through proper say-so in addition to brand necessary changes to laissez passer on standards.
6. Decide on salve method i.e. to determine how the defective parts are disposed of, entire fleck or rework.
7. Co-ordination of character problems.
8. Developing character consciousness inward the organization. Quality command is non a component division of whatsoever unmarried subdivision or a person. It is the primary responsibleness of whatsoever supervisor to plough out piece of work of acceptable quality.

Quality command is i aspect of production planning in addition to control. It is basically concerned with the character production through regular inspection technique. Quality is a combination of characteristics pertaining to the industry of the production in addition to command is the correction inward the character of the product, when the deviations inward the production are to a greater extent than than expected. A goodness character item is i which conforms to but about measure specifications. These specifications are determined yesteryear the expectations of consumers in addition to also yesteryear the availability in addition to costs of processes in addition to materials.

To most people, character is variable. It is subjectively judged because it deals with the relative goodness of a product. When a buyer boasts that his household or automobile is the best, it implies high quality. Quality is hence subjective in addition to vaguely measurable.

In the words of Broom,

"subjective character refers to grade of goodness of a production in addition to objectively it consists of a laid of measurable characteristics for which measure dimensions together with small, allowable departures, upwards in addition to down, may hold out prescribed."

All manufacturing processes human face upwards a basic difficulty. It is physically impossible to brand all items or units precisely alike. There is ever variability inward the product. With precision manufacturing, the variability may hold out hard to regard but nonetheless it is there. When variability becomes obvious it results inward scraps, re-work in addition to losses, hence adding to the costs.

5. Objectives of Quality Control

1. Establishment of character measure : The principal objective of character command is the economical production of a high character production at the character bird the client wants. It is basically for eliminating variations inward production in addition to inward social club to have got uniformity inward production.
2. Locating character deviations : It is necessary to analyze the tendency in addition to extent of character deviations inward a manufacturing process. Such deviations should hold out explained yesteryear statistical techniques when they cannot hold out attributed to the chemical element of chance.
3. Evaluating methods in addition to processes of production : By evaluating methods in addition to processes of production, character command helps to select corrective measures to maintain the character of the production during the physical care for of manufacture.
4. Quick sale of character goods : Quality command accelerates the sale of the goods yesteryear supplying only the character goods inward the market. Consumers also back upwards character goods.
5. Production of measure character goods : Quality command aims at manufacturing measure character products in addition to avoids the production of inferior character goods. Such measure character goods give satisfaction to consumers in addition to also create goodwill inward the market.
6. Improvement inward character : One objective of character command is to discovery out high character standards in addition to to brand constant efforts to laissez passer on those standards. Quality command aims at creating character consciousness at all levels inward the Organisation.

6. Steps In Quality Control Process

1. Devising command over raw materials : The character of the finished production is determined mostly yesteryear the character of raw materials. It calls for closed connecter betwixt the raw cloth purchase subdivision of the companionship in addition to the vendors. As in addition to when necessary, a resident inspector may hold out deputed yesteryear the Quality Control Department inward the vendor's house to regard that only goods inward accordance with specifications are supplied. It is advisable to reinspect the raw materials earlier putting them to actual use.
2. Fixing standards in addition to specifications : In social club to brand whatsoever scheme of character command successful, it is essential to predetermine standards in addition to specifications. The practise should hold out to provide character instructions inward the shape of drawings, showing shapes, dimensions in addition to specifications describing color, strength, thickness, chemic composition, etc.
3. Exercising command over production operations : In social club to execute efficient practices, the technical goodness of the Quality Control Department must investigate, from fourth dimension to time, the operating methods. Such investigation helps to eliminate all possible variables.
4. Locating inspection points : When the points at which defects occur are wrongly located or located with delay, it hinders character control. Therefore in that location should kickoff inspection of the raw materials at the vendor's places, in addition to then at the company's plant, in addition to then at the diverse points during the physical care for of production in addition to in conclusion at the fourth dimension of packing. The defects are probable to occur at these points. The finished goods tin give the axe hold out cleared afterward obtaining 'O.K.' or 'All Correct' from the Quality Control Department.
5. Maintaining character of equipments : The terminal character of the products is conditioned yesteryear the character of the equipments in addition to other devices used. The Quality Control Department is responsible for testing the equipment used inward inspection such as gauges, which mensurate dimensions, electronic devices, magnetic devices in addition to industrial radio graphical instruments.
6. Maintaining records : The Quality Control Department is responsible for maintaining all records relating to character inspection in addition to command in addition to the lay out rejected.

7. Advantages of Quality Control

Quality command is of import as it offers sure as shooting advantages to the manufacturer. Such advantages are: stability to sale, goodwill inward the market, powerfulness to human face upwards marketplace contest effectively, reduction inward production costs, in addition to elimination of wastage due to rejections in addition to uniformity inward production. These benefits are of import for sales advertisement in addition to turn a profit maximization. Manufacturers at nowadays give special attending to character command techniques for long term benefits. Attention is given to query in addition to evolution activities for this purpose. Even unusual collaborations are made for raising the character standards of products manufactured. In brief, character command is a thing of corking importance inward production management.

The benefits of character command to consumes are: Availability of measure character in addition to reliable goods, proper payoff for the cost paid, security to life in addition to health, ameliorate measure of living in addition to protection against exchange or adulteration in addition to quick shopping of goods. Consumers ever purchase measure character goods fifty-fifty yesteryear paying a lilliputian higher cost as they larn total satisfaction over a long catamenia from character goods. Consumers, especially educated consumers, back upwards character products as they know the benefits available from such measure character products. This suggests the importance of character command from the dot of persuasion of consumers.

The importance of character command is, now, accepted fifty-fifty at the global level. Consumers at nowadays insist for superior character goods. Expenditure on character command is an investment for to a greater extent than sale in addition to satisfaction to consumers. Quality command is a must for export promotion. Companies tin give the axe capture unusual markets only yesteryear manufacturing superior character goods at reasonable cost of production. Nihon is a leading ground exporter. This is mainly due to superior character of goods manufactured inward Japan. Governments inward many countries back upwards character command measures. They provide all possible aid for maintaining superior character of goods. Restrictions are also imposed on the manufacturing of inexpensive goods. Even associations of manufacturers in addition to traders back upwards character command measures. This suggests the importance of character command inward business.

In addition, the next advantages of character command also suggest its importance:

1. Improvement inward the character of production in addition to reduction inward the production cost.
2. Uniformity inward the production in addition to render of measure character goods to consumers.
3. Offering total render of the cost paid yesteryear consumers in addition to giving convenience in addition to satisfaction to consumers. This also develops cordial relations with consumers.
4. Reduction inward spoiled production in addition to rejection from consumers in addition to dealers.
5. Promotion of exports due to superior in addition to measure character production.
6. Sales advertisement inward the internal marketplace in addition to facing marketplace completion with confidence.
7. Reduction inward the inspection cost.
8. Improvement inward the productivity in addition to motivation of employees.
9. Making the products pop inward the marketplace in addition to thereby to develop marketplace goodwill.

8. Cost of Quality

The costs of carrying out companionship character computer programme are known as "Cost of Quality". It includes :-

1. Market query cost of discovering character needs of customer.
2. Product query in addition to evolution cost of creating a production concept, which volition run across character needs.
3. The pattern cost of transmitting production concept into information which represents planning for manufacturer.
4. Cost of inspection in addition to test.
5. Cost of defect prevention.
6. Cost of character assurance.
7. Cost of fleck in addition to character failure.
8. The character cost tin give the axe hold out defined inward iv categories :-
   
   1. Cost of prevention.
   2. Cost of appraisal.
   3. Cost of internal failures.
   4. Cost of external failures.

8.1 (a) Cost of Prevention

It consists of costs associated with mortal engaged inward designing, implementing, maintaining the character system. Cost of prevention includes:-

1. Cost of Quality planning : It includes the cost associated with creating a overall character plan, the cost of marketplace query in addition to production development, inspection plan, reliability computer programme etc.
2. Cost of Documenting : It includes cost of preparation of manuals in addition to procedures to communicate these costs.
3. Process command cost : Used with character plans physical care for to laissez passer on fitness for use.
4. Cost of preparation : Cost associated inward preparing whatsoever programs for attaining, improving, maintaining character programs.
5. Cost associated with preventing recurring defects : Engineering, technical, supervisory, cost of preventing recurring defects.
6. Cost of investigation, analysis of correction of causes of defects yesteryear character key department.
7. Cost of investigation, analysis of correction of causes of defects yesteryear applied scientific discipline command department.
8. Cost of consciousness programs.

8.2 (b) Cost of Appraisal

Costs associated with measuring, evaluating or auditing the products, constituent in addition to purchase materials to assure conformance with character measure in addition to performance requirement are called as "Cost of appraisal".

In other words, the cost of evaluating, character in addition to of identifying in addition to segregating non-conforming component division in addition to assemblies.

This consist costs of :-

1. Receiving or incoming tests in addition to inspection.
2. Laboratory in addition to credence test.
3. Inspection in addition to test.
4. Checking labor.
5. Set upwards for inspection in addition to test.
6. Inspection of examine material.
7. Quality Audits.
8. Review of examine in addition to inspection data.
9. Evaluation of acre stocks, spare parts.

8.3 (c) Cost of internal failures

The costs associated with defective products, components, materials that neglect to run across character requirements in addition to results inward manufacturing losses are called as "Cost of internal failures".

Costs associated with fleck i.e. Cost of material, labor. Cost of rework, repair i.e. Cost of making defective parts in addition to assembly rules.

Cost of re-inspection in addition to re-test afterward defective parts are repaired. Costs associated with cloth review activity.

Cost of processes yield lower that mightiness hold out attainable yesteryear improved controls. Trouble shooting.

8.4 (d) Cost of External Failures

Cost because of defective products beingness shifted to the customer.

1. Cost of processing complaints from the customer.
2. Cost of service to client to have defective items.
3. Cost of inspecting, preparing defective items.
4. Cost of replacing defective products.

9. The Concept of Total Quality Management (TQM)

Total character administration is a comprehensive concept in addition to non related only to the character of goods in addition to services. It suggests that high character standards (e.g., ISO 9000) should hold out maintained inward other aspects of administration such as production cost, marketing, sales promotion, etc. For such quality/efficiency inward all aspects of line organisation management, consciousness/awareness needs to hold out developed at all levels in addition to with employees working inward all departments of the enterprise. Employees must hold out motivated for maintaining high character standards. In addition, their cooperation/involvement is necessary for maintaining efficiency inward all aspects of line organisation management. In brief, character administration is non the responsibleness of administration alone. Participation/involvement of both parties (management in addition to employees) is essential for achievement of character in addition to other benefits.

The concept of TQM is closely related to the concept of character circles which is real pop in addition to also successful inward Japan. Quality circles are piece of work groups that run across ofttimes to report the ways in addition to agency to improve quality, cut cost, eliminate wastages in addition to solve other production problems. Here, employees are associated with quality, cost, efficiency, productivity, consumer service in addition to satisfaction. This creates background for the concept of TQM.

TQM aims at improving the total performance at the piece of work place. It covers all functions, activities in addition to people who are responsible for competitiveness of an Organisation. The employees are expected to participate non only inward maintaining character but also inward improving their total performance so that the wastages volition hold out avoided, production cost volition move downwards in addition to the enterprise tin give the axe earn to a greater extent than profit.

TQM agency strategic commitment to improving character yesteryear combining statistical character command methods with a cultural commitment to seeking incremental improvements that increment productivity in addition to lower costs.

Total character administration reflects the civilisation of an Organisation. It indicates consumer oriented, quality-oriented administration philosophy. It is a commitment to character yesteryear all managers in addition to workers. TQM is a philosophy for achieving client satisfaction which involves all - managers, employees in addition to users. It is administration yesteryear commitment in addition to non administration yesteryear control. This technique is to hold out introduced through character circles. The route to TQM is through application of uncomplicated tools followed yesteryear Organisation alter in addition to civilisation change.
Total character administration is based on the next iv powerful elements:

1. Focus on client expectations,
2. Employees' involvement,
3. Mastery of processes,
4. Team work.

9.1 definition of TQM

According to John Gilbert,

Total Quality Management is "A physical care for designed to focus on client expectations, preventing problems, edifice commitment to character inward the workforce in addition to promoting opened upwards decision-making."

9.2 Origin of TQM

1. Stress on character administration : In TQM, collective efforts are beingness made for improving character of goods in addition to services so as to give to a greater extent than satisfaction to consumers. Quality improvement is also useful for facing marketplace contest in addition to for creating marketplace reputation. In brief, TQM involves steps for improving character in addition to productivity. There is total commitment to character on the component division of entire Organisation. TQM covers all functions, activities in addition to people who are instrumental for raising the competitiveness.
2. Continuous physical care for : TQM is a continuous process/activity as in that location is ample compass for using novel methods in addition to techniques for improvement inward the character standards in addition to performance. "Steal ideas constantly in addition to shamelessly" is the dominion inward TQM. Implementation of innovative ideas or taking do goodness of novel opportunities is an integral aspect of TQM. In fact, TQM is a never ending bespeak for achieving novel levels of performance.
3. Stress on character assurance scheme : The aim of TQM is to give maximum satisfaction to consumers yesteryear providing goods which are best inward character (zero defects). The nowadays ISO9000 serial is a laid of good recognised standards for character assurance system. The Japanese have got been using character assurance concepts in addition to principles as a component division of their TQM implementation programme fifty-fifty when specific cite or lay out was non used. Thus, character assurance scheme is an integral component division of TQM.
4. Linkage of character in addition to productivity : The TQM technique is useful for improving character as good as productivity. In a TQM programme, the focus is on character improvement. However, such programme also raises productivity. The methods used inward TQM programmes. E.g. stress on character improvement, aught defects production, making all employees responsible for character maintenance in addition to improvement) are probable to select character improvement as good as yield improvement. Similarly, the TQM programme creates a feeling of participation with the employees. There is also positive improvement inward the morale of employees.
5. TQM is a gradual physical care for : Introduction of TQM is a gradual process. It is self improvement in addition to grouping improvement programme through squad edifice for raising character in addition to productivity. TQM is nigh the gradual alter of people's conduct towards the tasks they perform in addition to their mental attitude towards other people. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 mental revolution with the employees is required for the execution of TQM. However, such alter inward the mental make-up of managers in addition to employees requires long period. This suggests that TQM is a gradual process. There are, inward fact, iv broad phases inward the introduction of TQM.
   
   These are:
   
   
   1. Awareness Phase,
   2. Planning Phase,
   3. Implementation Phase, and
   4. Institutional Phase.
      
      
6. Focus on customers : Customers are the rootage of all the revenue that flows through the corporation. Their satisfaction keeps the coin flowing especially inward an opened upwards marketplace where competitors are wooing them too. The focus of TQM is on client satisfaction on quality, cost in addition to delivery through improved orgarnisational character of processes. According to British Quality Association (BQA), TQM is a corporate line organisation administration philosophy which recognised that customers' needs in addition to line organisation goals are inseparable.
7. Employee involvement : Employees involvement is the most of import recognised characteristic of TQM. In fact, quality's a squad piece of work of all employees. Their participation in addition to co-operation are required to hold out taken at all levels. TQM is possible only through participative management. Under TQM, employees volition hold out motivated to participate actively inward the physical care for of character improvement through incentives in addition to recognition of contribution for achieving character standards.
8. Formation of character improvement teams : Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 cornerstone of TQM is the squad building that leads to commitment to improvement. Such teams include character steering teams, corrective actions teams in addition to so on. Such teams motivate employees in addition to facilitate character improvement.
9. Management's involvement : TQM is a systems approach inward managing line organisation in addition to improving overall performance. It needs total commitment from the move yesteryear administration to provide feasible leadership to the whole approach. Top bird administration has to select lay out of initiatives inward social club to start the physical care for of TQM. In fact, TQM cannot have got a goodness select off without total commitment of CEO in addition to other senior executives.

9.3 Advantages of TQM

1. Customer satisfaction : TQM is basically for the satisfaction in addition to welfare of customers. Needs in addition to expectations of customers are given special attending inward TQM. The attending is on customers in addition to aught defect goods volition hold out supplied to them. As a result, in that location will hold out reduction inward the complaints of consumers/customers. TQM is non for profit-making at the cost of customers but it is for giving satisfaction in addition to welfare to them.
2. Quality improvement : One major payoff of a TQM is character improvement at all levels in addition to inward all activities. There is a systematic attempt to eliminate deficiencies such as production fleck or rework, client complaints in addition to cloth shortages. The cornerstone of whatsoever successful TQM scheme is the organised elimination of waste. The rejection charge per unit of measurement inward the production physical care for volition hold out depression in addition to this minimizes waste product of materials in addition to human efforts. Due to character improvement, the sales in addition to profits volition also increase. The companionship volition also develop goodwill in addition to marketplace recognition as supplier of character goods.
3. Absence of additional investment : One payoff of TQM is that TQM does non require whatsoever additional investment. It improves operational character as good as reduces cost. This technique is quite convenient to developing countries which are facing fiscal difficulties due to diverse reasons. TQM gives many benefits but without additional fiscal burden.
4. Raises competitiveness : TQM technique is useful for raising character in addition to reducing costs. This naturally raises competitiveness inward the domestic as good as global markets. TQM technique is useful for exports yesteryear raising global competitiveness.
5. Facilitates expansion in addition to diversification : TQM leads to large turnover in addition to high profits along with marketplace reputation in addition to consumer support. The companionship tin give the axe utilization this turn a profit for the execution of its expansion in addition to diversification programmes. In brief, TQM facilitates expansion in addition to diversification of business.
6. Provides trained in addition to motivated employees : TQM philosophy has its positive impact on employees. They are given proper training, monetary in addition to non-monetary incentives, attractive working weather condition in addition to proper treatment. Workers select pride inward manufacturing defect-free products.
7. Miscellaneous Advantages : TQM technique offers other advantages as noted below:-
   
   
   1. Long-term consumer support,
   2. Prestigious seat inward international marketing,
   3. High measure of living to employees, and
   4. Cost control.

10. Quality Circle (QC)

Dewar, President of the International Association of QCs, defines QCs as "a way of capturing the creative in addition to innovative powerfulness that lies inside the piece of work force".

A character circle is a pocket-size grouping of volunteers (usually 3 to 12 employees) doing similar work. They run across regularly nether the leadership of their immediate supervisor, or but about i chosen with the circle to seat problems, laid priorities, discovery causes in addition to suggest solutions. These may concern quality, productivity, safety, chore structure, physical care for flow, command mechanism, aesthetics of the piece of work expanse etc.

According to Maurice Alston,

"Quality Circles are pocket-size groups of people doing similar piece of work who, together with their supervisors volunteer to run across for an sixty minutes a calendar week to report in addition to solve piece of work related problems which touching on them. Circle leaders in addition to members are trained inward uncomplicated employment solving techniques which seat causes in addition to develop solutions. At an appropriate time, presentations are made yesteryear the character circles to the administration who determine whether to accept, modify or decline the proposals".

Quality Circle is a participative administration scheme inward which workers brand suggestions in addition to improvements for the betterment of organisation.

10.1 Concept of Quality Circle

The Quality Circle concept has 3 major attributes; these are :

1. QC is a shape of participative management.
2. QC is a human resources evolution technique.
3. QC is a employment solving technique.

10.2 Objectives of Quality Circles

Objectives which contribute to the improvement in addition to evolution of the enterprise in addition to indirectly the involvement of the employees are :

1. To improve the character in addition to productivity in addition to hence contribute to the improvements in addition to evolution of the enterprise.
2. To cut the cost of products or services yesteryear waste product reduction, safety, effective utilisation of resources, avoiding unnecessary errors in addition to defects.
3. To seat in addition to solve piece of work related problems that interfere with production.
4. To tap the creative tidings of the persons working inward the organisation in addition to to brand total utilization of its human resources.
5. To permit employees to develop in addition to utilization greater amount of knowledge in addition to science in addition to motivate them to apply to a broad gain of challenging tasks.
6. To improve communication inside the organisation.
7. To increment employees' loyalty in addition to commitment to the organisation in addition to its goals.
8. To abide by humanity in addition to construct a happy vivid piece of work house surround which is meaningful to piece of work in.
9. To enrich human capability, confidence, moral, mental attitude in addition to relationship.
10. To satisfy the human needs of recognition, achievement in addition to self-development.

10.3 Advantages of Quality Circles

The organisation tin give the axe accomplish i or to a greater extent than of the next advantages yesteryear establishing character circles:

1. Promote high bird of productivity in addition to quality-mindedness.
2. Self in addition to usual evolution of employees.
3. Creating squad spirit in addition to unity of action.
4. Increased motivation, chore satisfaction in addition to pride inward their work.
5. Reduced absenteeism in addition to labour turnover.
6. Developing sense of belongingness towards a particular organization.
7. Waste Reduction.
8. Cost reduction.
9. Improved communication.
10. Safety improvement.
11. Increased utilization of human resources potential.
12. Enhancement inward consciousness in addition to moral of employees through recognition of their activities.
13. Leadership development.
14. Trained staff.