Hawthorne Studies Experiments - Iv Parts, Conclusions, Criticism

The Human Relations Movement began with the Hawthorne Experiments. They were conducted at Western Electrical Works inwards USA, b/w 1924-1932.

Four Parts of Hawthorne Studies / Experiments

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Part I - Illumination Experiments (1924-27)

These experiments were performed to notice out the number of dissimilar levels of illumination (lighting) on productivity of labour. The brightness of the low-cal was increased together with decreased to notice out the number on the productivity of the exam group. Surprisingly, the productivity increased fifty-fifty when the score of illumination was decreased. It was concluded that factors other than low-cal were also important.

Part II - Relay Assembly Test Room Study (1927-1929)

Under these exam 2 modest groups of half-dozen woman mortal scream upwards relay assemblers were selected. Each grouping was kept inwards split upwards rooms. From fourth dimension to time, changes were made inwards working hours, residue periods, luncheon breaks, etc. They were allowed to pick out their ain residue periods together with to scope suggestions. Output increased inwards both the command rooms. It was concluded that social human relationship with workers, participation inwards decision-making, etc. had a greater number on productivity than working conditions.

Part III - Mass Interviewing Programme (1928-1930)

21,000 employees were interviewed over a catamenia of 3 years to notice out reasons for increased productivity. It was concluded that productivity tin scope the sack live on increased if workers are allowed to utter freely well-nigh matters that are of import to them.

Part IV - Bank Wiring Observation Room Experiment (1932)

A grouping of xiv manful mortal workers inwards the banking concern wiring room were placed nether observation for half-dozen months. H5N1 worker's pay depended on the surgical operation of the grouping equally a whole. The researchers idea that the efficient workers would position pressure level on the less efficient workers to consummate the work. However, it was found that the grouping established its ain standards of output, together with social pressure level was used to accomplish the standards of output.

Conclusions of Hawthorne Studies / Experiments

The conclusions derived from the Hawthorne Studies were equally follows :-

1. The social together with psychological factors are responsible for workers' productivity together with chore satisfaction. Only proficient physical working weather are non plenty to increment productivity.
2. The informal relations with workers influence the workers' guide together with surgical operation to a greater extent than than the formal relations inwards the organisation.
3. Employees volition perform meliorate if they are allowed to participate inwards decision-making affecting their interests.
4. Employees volition also run to a greater extent than efficiently, when they believe that the management is interested inwards their welfare.
5. When employees are treated with observe together with dignity, their surgical operation volition improve.
6. Financial incentives lonely cannot increment the performance. Social together with Psychological needs must also live on satisfied inwards gild to increment productivity.
7. Good communication betwixt the superiors together with subordinates tin scope the sack improve the relations together with the productivity of the subordinates.
8. Special attending together with liberty to limited their views volition improve the surgical operation of the workers.

Criticism of Hawthorne Studies / Experiments

The Hawthorne Experiments are mainly criticised on the next grounds :-

1. Lacks Validity : The Hawthorne experiments were conducted nether controlled situations. These findings volition non run inwards existent setting. The workers nether observation knew well-nigh the experiments. Therefore, they may convey improved their surgical operation alone for the experiments.
2. More Importance to Human Aspects : The Hawthorne experiments gives also much importance to human aspects. Human aspects lonely cannot improve production. Production also depends on technological together with other factors.
3. More Emphasis on Group Decision-making : The Hawthorne experiments placed also much emphasis on grouping decision-making. In existent situation, private decision-making cannot live on totally neglected specially when quick decisions are required together with at that spot is no fourth dimension to consult others.
4. Over Importance to Freedom of Workers : The Hawthorne experiments gives a lot of importance to liberty of the workers. It does non scope importance to the constructive purpose of the supervisors. In reality also much of liberty to the workers tin scope the sack lower downwardly their surgical operation or productivity.